Influence of supplementary vitamins and minerals on lipid peroxidation and redox state in heart, kidney and liver of rats exposed to fluoride

Abstract

The effect of fluoride (F) and supplementary vitamins and minerals on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and redox state (RS) in heart, kidney and liver of 40 (4 groups of 10) male Wistar rats were studied. One group of rats was left untreated as control, group 1 was received 5 mg/l NaF in their drinking water, group 2 was received 5 mg/l NaF in their drinking water plus vitamins (A, C, and D) in their diet, and group 3 was received 5 mg/l NaF in their drinking water plus vitamins (A, C, and D) and minerals (Mg-, Mn-, Zn-sulfate, and Na-citrate) in their diet. In comparison with the group 2, 3 and controls, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the group 1 indicated an increase in LPO product. In addition, unsteady ratios of oxidized to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) reflected significant alterations in the RS status. These results demonstrate that the combination of vitamins and minerals supplementation proved to restore MDA content and establish steady RS status that has not been previously reported.