Genetic polymorphisms of CD14 and TLR-4 and utility of probiotic therapy in adults with atopic dermatitis

Abstract

The risk of atopic dermatitis development can be associated with genetic polymorphisms of the CD14 and TLR- 4 genes. Probiotics may modulate chronic inflammation in atopic skin. Method : The A- 896G of the TLR- 4 gene and C- 159T polymorphism of the CD14 receptor gene polymorphism were studied in 96 patients with atopic dermatitis. The control group included 90 non- atopic subjects. To evaluate the efficacy of the probiotics all patients were divided into three groups. The first group was selected from patients with CC genotype (C- 159T) who received standard therapy and probiotics. The second group included patients with CC genotype who received only standard therapy. The third group included patients with TT genotype (C- 159T) who received standard therapy and probiotics. The SCORAD and DLQI parameters were evaluated on Day 0, 14 and 28. The level of IL- 4, IL- 5, IL- 10, TGF- β cytokines was determined on Day 0 and Day 28. Results : In the control group the frequency distribution of genotypes (AA – 71 (78.9%), AG – 18 (20.0%), GG – 1 (1.1%)) was significantly different (χ2 = 7.46, P = .024) from those with atopic dermatitis (AA – 58 (60.4%), AG – 36 (37.5%), GG – 2 (2.1%)). In the control group the frequency distribution of genotypes (CC – 20 (22.2%), CT – 48 (53.3%), TT – 22 (24.5%)) was significantly different from that with 30 atopic dermatitis (CC – 39 (40.6%), CT – 37 (38.5%), TT – 20 (20.9%), χ2 = 7.45, P = .024). The addition of probiotics to standard treatment significantly increased the effectiveness of treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults with the exogenous form and CC genotype (C-159T), confirmed by clinical and immunological parameters. Conclusion : The risk of atopic dermatitis development and efficacy of probiotics therapy are associated specific genetic polymorphisms of CD14 and TLR- 4.