"DETERMINATION OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS MARKERS FOR DIGITAL TISSUE (ACE (I/D), TNF-α (308G/A), eNOS (894G/T), MMP20, KLK4, ENAM)ON BACKGROUND OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DISEASES IN A YOUNG PEOPLE."

Abstract

The results of epidemiological studies of domestic and foreign scientists demonstrate significant differences in the prevalence of dental hypersthesia. According to the literature, 3 to 60% of the adult population suffers from increased sensitivity of hard tissues of teeth, reaching 85% in periodontal diseases, and this figure is growing steadily [10, 11, 16]. The age range of patients with dentin hypersthesia (HD) is very wide, but most patients are between the ages of 18 and 50 with a peak between 20 and 40 years. Women get sick more often and at a younger age [1, 2]. Most researchers agree that the onset and progression of cervical HD is often associated with periodontal disease. The main clinical sign of increased sensitivity of dental hard tissues is severe, short-term, acute pain that occurs under the influence of chemical, temperature and tactile stimuli. Such manifestations are often found with lesions of hard tissues of teeth, periodontal diseases, as well as without visible changes in the teeth. In this regard, it is proved that HD can act as an independent nosological form, and be a symptom of other diseases. In particular, HD is recorded in more than 90% of patients with pathological abrasion, wedge-shaped defects, enamel erosion [3, 4]. Visually, the dentin of teeth that have hypersensitivity does not differ from insensitive dentin, and the histopathological condition of the pulp in teeth with HD is still not precisely established. As is known, the main structural elements of teeth are calcium and phosphorus (on average 57.67% of the mass of minerals of intact tooth enamel). Violation of the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the periodontal bone and hard tissues of the teeth occurs in some systemic diseases and physiological conditions and is associated with changes in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis at the body level. The urgency of the problem is confirmed by data obtained in recent years, which indicate a decrease in the total mineral saturation of compact bone (20-27%), trabecular bone (33-38%) in the population of Ukraine over the age of 20 years, an increase in the number of patients with systemic osteopenia and osteoporosis, as a result of adverse environmental conditions, unbalanced and deficient in relation to trace elements of the diet, low physical activity, etc. [5]. It is known that the content of trace elements in saliva has a great influence on the intensity of the processes of mineralization and demineralization of dental hard tissues, but the research results are far from straightforward. Resistance or susceptibility of a tooth to HD is also determined by the structure, chemical composition and genetic characteristics of its tissues.