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Порівняльна характеристика вакцин проти COVID-19

2021-11-07T08:59:22Z

Title: Порівняльна характеристика вакцин проти COVID-19 Authors: Чернишова, Л.І.; Чернишов, А.В. Abstract: Вступ. Спалах хвороби, викликаний новим коронавірусом SARS-CoV-2, розпочався в середині грудня 2019 року в Китаї. Ця інфекція швидко поширилася по всьому світу і перетворилася на глобальну пандемію, спричинивши «найбільший карантин в історії людства». Незважаючи на це, пандемія триває, а в деяких країнах реєструються повторні хвилі підйому захворюваності. Менше ніж через 12 місяців після початку пандемії COVID-19 кілька дослідницьких груп прийняли виклик і розробили вакцини, що захища- ють від SARS-CoV-2. Мета: провести порівняння основних вакцин проти COVID-19. Матеріали та мето- ди. Використовувались існуючі інструкції до вакцин, проміжні результати досліджень ефективності вак- цин, а також рекомендації Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я, Європейського агентства з лікарських засобів, Американського центру з контролю та профілактики захворювань та ін. Проводився порівняльний аналіз існуючих даних про вакцини проти COVID-19. Результати. Наведена порівняльна характеристика щодо складу вакцин та механізму їх дії, температурного режиму зберігання, показань та протипоказань до вакцинації, схем вакцинації та способів введення вакцин, ефективності вакцинації, побічної дії, профі- лактики у контактних осіб та в осіб, які перехворіли. Висновки. Виявлені особливості складу вакцин та їх застосування можуть бути використані при проведенні імунопрофілактики проти COVID-19.

Geographical Distribution, Incidence, Malignancies, and Outcome of 136 Eastern Slavic Patients With Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and NBN Founder Variant c.657_661del5

2021-11-06T20:16:35Z

Title: Geographical Distribution, Incidence, Malignancies, and Outcome of 136 Eastern Slavic Patients With Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and NBN Founder Variant c.657_661del5 Authors: Шарапова, С.О.; Pashchenko, Olga E.; Бондаренко, А.В.; Vakhlyarskaya, Svetlana S.; Prokofjeva, Tatjana; Fedorova, Alina S.; Савчак, І.; Mareika, Yuliya; Valiev, Timur T.; Popa, Alexander; Макух, Галина; Костюченко, Л.В.; Aleinikova, Olga V. Abstract: Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a DNA repair disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency and a high predisposition to lymphoid malignancies. The majority of NBS patients are identified with a homozygous five base pair deletion in the Nibrin (NBN) gene (c.657_661del5, p.K219fsX19) with a founder effect observed in Caucasian European populations, especially of Slavic origin. We present here an analysis of a cohort of 136 NBS patients of Eastern Slav origin across Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, and Latvia with a focus on understanding the geographic distribution, incidence of malignancy, and treatment outcomes of this cohort. Our analysis shows that Belarus had the highest prevalence of NBS (2.3 per 1,000,000), followed by Ukraine (1.3 per 1,000,000), and Russia (0.7 per 1,000,000). Of note, the highest concentration of NBS cases was observed in the western regions of Belarus and Ukraine, where NBS prevalence exceeds 20 cases per 1,000,000 people, suggesting the presence of an “Eastern Slavic NBS hot spot.” The median age at diagnosis of this cohort ranged from 4 to 5 years, and delay in diagnosis was more pervasive in smaller cities and rural regions. A total of 62 (45%) patients developed malignancies, more commonly in males than females (55.2 vs. 34.2%; p=0.017). In 27 patients, NBS was diagnosed following the onset of malignancies (mean age: 8 years). Malignancies were mostly of lymphoid origin and predominantly non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n=42, 68%); 38% of patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The 20-year overall survival rate of patients with malignancy was 24%. However, females with cancer experienced poorer event-free survival rates than males (16.6% vs. 46.8%, p=0.036). Of 136 NBS patients, 13 underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with an overall survival of 3.5 years following treatment (range: 1 to 14 years). Indications for HSCT included malignancy (n=7) and immunodeficiency (n=6). Overall, 9% of patients in this cohort reached adulthood. Adult survivors reported diminished quality of life with significant physical and cognitive impairments. Our study highlights the need to improve timely diagnosis and clinical management of NBS among Eastern Slavs. Genetic counseling and screening should be offered to individuals with a family history of NBS, especially in hot spot regions.

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths

2021-11-06T19:43:25Z

Title: Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths Authors: Bastard, Paul; Gervais, Adrian; Le Voyer, Tom; Rosain, Jérémie; Philippot, Quentin; Manry, Jérémy; Bousfiha, Ahmed A.; Meyts, Isabelle; Sallette, Jérome; Бондаренко, А.В.; Spaan, András N.; Lifton, Richard P.; Степановський, Ю.С.; COVID Clinicians; Волоха, А.П.; COVID Human Genetic Effort; Jouanguy, Emmanuelle; Zhang, Qian; Cobat, Aurélie; Abel, Laurent; Casanova, J.-L. Abstract: Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/ml; in plasma diluted 1:10) of IFN- and/or IFN- are found in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia but not in individuals with asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs neutralizing 100-fold lower, more physiolog- ical, concentrations of IFN- and/or IFN- (100 pg/ml; in 1:10 dilutions of plasma) in 13.6% of 3595 patients with critical COVID-19, including 21% of 374 patients >80 years, and 6.5% of 522 patients with severe COVID-19. These antibodies are also detected in 18% of the 1124 deceased patients (aged 20 days to 99 years; mean: 70 years). Moreover, another 1.3% of patients with critical COVID-19 and 0.9% of the deceased patients have auto-Abs neu- tralizing high concentrations of IFN-. We also show, in a sample of 34,159 uninfected individuals from the gener- al population, that auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN- and/or IFN- are present in 0.18% of individuals between 18 and 69 years, 1.1% between 70 and 79 years, and 3.4% >80 years. Moreover, the propor- tion of individuals carrying auto-Abs neutralizing lower concentrations is greater in a subsample of 10,778 unin- fected individuals: 1% of individuals <70 years, 2.3% between 70 and 80 years, and 6.3% >80 years. By contrast, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN- do not become more frequent with age. Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs predate SARS-CoV-2 infection and sharply increase in prevalence after the age of 70 years. They account for about 20% of both critical COVID-19 cases in the over 80s and total fatal COVID-19 cases.

SARS-CoV-2–related MIS-C: A key to the viral and genetic causes of Kawasaki disease?

2021-11-06T10:11:01Z

Title: SARS-CoV-2–related MIS-C: A key to the viral and genetic causes of Kawasaki disease? Authors: Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa; Brodin, Petter; Cobat, Aure ́lie; Biggs, Catherine M.; Toubiana, Julie; Lucas, Carrie L.; Henrickson, Sarah E.; Belot, Alexandre; MIS-C@CHGE; Бондаренко, А.В.; Волоха, А.П.; Степановський, Ю.С.; Боярчук, О.Р.; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Zhang, Shen-Ying Abstract: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) emerged in April 2020 in communities with high COVID-19 rates. This new condition is heterogenous but resembles Kawasaki disease (KD), a well-known but poorly understood and clinically heterogenous pediatric inflammatory condition for which weak associations have been found with a myriad of viral illnesses. Epidemiological data clearly indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is the trigger for MIS-C, which typically occurs about 1 mo after infection. These findings support the hypothesis of viral triggers for the various forms of classic KD. We further suggest that rare inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) altering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 may underlie the pathogenesis of MIS-C in some children. The discovery of monogenic IEIs underlying MIS-C would shed light on its pathogenesis, paving the way for a new genetic approach to classic KD, revisited as a heterogeneous collection of IEIs to viruses.